Abstract
Objective: The objective was to determine the factors associated with gingivitis in pregnant women who come to the health center in the district of San José de Sisa. Methodology: The research was of a basic type and the research design was non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational. The population and sample was the same as the population, that is, 110 pregnant women from the District of San José de Sisa with a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience to which a questionnaire of 5 questions on oral hygiene habits and sociodemographic factors and a clinical evaluation to observe the gingival state were provided. Results: The study revealed that the associated factors were socioeconomic status where it was found that 43.5% at the mean level had gingivitis with a p value = 0.002, with reference to the age group 48.2% with gingival disease were between 20 and 29 years old with a p value = 0.280; 43.6% of pregnant women with gingivitis reported brushing at least 2 times a day when obtaining a p =0.098, el 41.7% in the second trimester presented gingivitis with a p value = 0.004. When comparing the information of the degree of instruction it was found that pregnant women with gingivitis were found that 40% had only primary and 39.1% secondary, when obtaining a p value = 0.000. Conclusions: It concluded that there is a significant relationship between gingivitis and socioeconomic status (p=0.002), with the trimester of pregnancy (p=0.004), and with the degree of education of the pregnant woman (p=0.000); but found no statistical relationship with the age group (p=0.280) or with oral hygiene habits (p=0.098).
References
Trombell L, Farina R, Silva C, Tatakis D. Plaque induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic consideration. J Clin Periodontol [internet] 2018 [citado 22 de diciembre de 2021];45 (20): 44-67. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpe.12939
Cruz QSM, Díaz SP, Arias SD, et al. Microbiota of oral cavity ecosystems. Rev. Cubana Estomatol. [internet]2017 [citado el 23 de diciembre de 2021];54(1):84-99. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=75030
Bastiani C, Soares Cota AL, Arias Provenzano MG, Calvo Fracasso ML, Marques Honório H, Ríos D. Conhecimento das gestantes sobre alterações bucais e tratamento odontológico durante a gravidez. Odontol Clín Cient Recife [Internet]. 2010 abr-jun [citado 23 de diciembre de 2021];9(2):155-60. Disponible en: http://www.fo.usp.br/wp-content/uploads/gestantes.pdf
Manzini J. Declaración de Helsinki: Principios éticos para la investigación médica sobre sujetos humanos, Mar de la plata, Argentina. [internet]. 2015 [citado 19 de agosto de 2021]; 7(2): 321-334. Disponible en: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/abioeth/v6n2/art10.pdf
Rojas C. Higiene Bucal y Gingivitis en Gestantes del Centro de Salud Miguel Grau de Chaclacayo - Lima 2020 [tesis] U. Roosevelt. [internet] 2020 [citado 29 de diciembre de 2021] 89pp. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uroosevelt.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/ROOSEVELT/305/ROJAS%20CESAR%20Informe%20Final%20de%20tesis-1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Hussain, M, Naeem M., Khattak I, Zaman R, Raziq, S. Frequency of gingivitis in pregnancy in patients reporting to Bacha Khan Dental College, Mardan. Revista de salud pública de Pakistán [internet] 2021 [citado 29 de diciembre de 2021]10(2), 108-112. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v10i2.484 https://pjph.org/index.php/pjph/article/view/484/164
Edize E, Fidele N, Mwimba M, Augustin M, Kazadi E, Bourley S. Periodontal Diseases in Pregnant Women in Prenatal Consultation. Open Journal of Stomatology, [internet] 2021 [citado 29 de diciembre de 2021]11, 349-359. Disponible en: doi: 10.4236/ojst.2021.119031. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=111861
Bareera F, Rajasekar A, Chaudhary M. Prevalence of Gingivitis among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women. Annals of RSCB [Internet]. 2021 [citado 30 de diciembre de 2021];:6135-48. Disponible en: https://www.annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/2140
Tedjosasongko, U, Anggraeni F, Li-Wen F, Kuntari S, Moeharyono M. Prevalence of Caries and Periodontal Disease Among Indonesian Pregnant Women. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada [internet]. 2019 [citado 30 de diciembre de 2021], 19. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4034/PBOCI.2019.191.90 https://www.scielo.br/j/pboci/a/XhnZcVvkGWbmRtLwgmrNGyw/?lang=en
Erchick D, Rai B, Agrawal N. Oral hygiene, prevalence of gingivitis, and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Sarlahi District, Nepal. BMC Oral Health [internet] 2019 [citado el 23 de diciembre de 2021] 19(2). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0681-5 https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-018-0681-5
Mediavilla G. Prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal en mujeres embarazadas de entre 20-30 años de edad en el hospital Gíneco Obstétrico Isidro Ayora de la ciudad de Quito en el período enero – febrero 2019. [tesis]. Quito: UCE. [internet] 2019 [citado el 23 de diciembre de 2021] 120 p. Disponible en: http://www.dspace.uce.edu.ec/bitstream/25000/18819/1/T-UCE-0015-ODO-181.pdf
Siddiqui T, Akram S, Wali A, Mahmood P, Rais S. Dental caries and gingivitis amongst pregnant women: a sample from urban and rural areas of Karachi. PODJ [Internet]. 2018 [citado 30 de diciembre de 2021]; 38(1):88-1. Disponible en: http://podj.com.pk/index.php/podj/article/view/143
Patil S, Ranka R, Chaudhary M, Hande A, Sharma P. Prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among pregnant and nonpregnant women. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ [internet] 2018 [citado el 29 de diciembre de 2021]; 13:44-7. Disponible en: http://www.journaldmims.com/text.asp?2018/13/1/44/240901
Murrieta J, Pacheco N, Marques M, Linares C, Meléndez A. Estudio comparativo de dos índices gingivales. Rev. ADM. [internet] 1999 [citado 27 de diciembre de 2021]; 44(4): 141-150.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Evelyn S. Guerrero Perez, Alexia Ch. Herrera Garcia, Marisel Roxana Valenzuela Ramos